Compare Cook Islands (2008) - Svalbard (2004)

Compare Cook Islands (2008) z Svalbard (2004)

	Cook Islands (2008)	Svalbard (2004)

Administrative divisions	none	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 34.1% (male 2,718/female 2,388) 15-64 years: 59.5% (male 4,531/female 4,395) 65 years and over: 6.4% (male 489/female 469) (2001 census) (2001 census)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products	copra, citrus, pineapples, tomatoes, beans, pawpaws, bananas, yams, taro, coffee; pigs, poultry	-
Airports	9 (2007)	4 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2007)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2007)	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 236.7 sq km land: 236.7 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative	1.3 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background	Named after Captain COOK, who sighted them in 1770, the islands became a British protectorate in 1888. By 1900, administrative control was transferred to New Zealand; in 1965, residents chose self-government in free association with New Zealand. The emigration of skilled workers to New Zealand and government deficits are continuing problems.	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate	21 births/1,000 population NA (2001 census)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $70.95 million expenditures: $69.05 million (FY05/06)	revenues: $11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
Capital	name: Avarua geographic coordinates: 21 12 S, 159 46 W time difference: UTC-10 (5 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Longyearbyen
Climate	tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline	120 km	3,587 km
Constitution	4 August 1965	-
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Cook Islands former: Harvey Islands	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency	-	Norwegian krone (NOK)
Death rate	NA	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$141 million (1996 est.)	-
Dependency status	self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense, in consultation with the Cook Islands	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)	-
Disputes - international	none	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient	$13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995)	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview	Like many other South Pacific island nations, the Cook Islands' economic development is hindered by the isolation of the country from foreign markets, the limited size of domestic markets, lack of natural resources, periodic devastation from natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Agriculture, employing about one-third of the working population, provides the economic base with major exports made up of copra and citrus fruit. Black pearls are the Cook Islands' leading export. Manufacturing activities are limited to fruit processing, clothing, and handicrafts. Trade deficits are offset by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid, overwhelmingly from New Zealand. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country lived beyond its means, maintaining a bloated public service and accumulating a large foreign debt. Subsequent reforms, including the sale of state assets, the strengthening of economic management, the encouragement of tourism, and a debt restructuring agreement, have rekindled investment and growth.	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.
Electricity - consumption	27.9 million kWh (2005 est.)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - production	30 million kWh (2005)	NA kWh
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Te Manga 652 m	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Cook Island Maori (Polynesian) 87.7%, part Cook Island Maori 5.8%, other 6.5% (2001 census)	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates	NZ dollars per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007), 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003)	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Frederick GOODWIN (since 9 February 2001); New Zealand High Commissioner Brian DONNELLY (since 21 February 2008), representative of New Zealand head of government: Prime Minister Jim MARURAI (since 14 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Terepai MAOATE (since 9 August 2005) cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister; collectively responsible to Parliament elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the UK representative is appointed by the monarch; the New Zealand high commissioner is appointed by the New Zealand Government; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually becomes prime minister	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	NA
Exports - commodities	copra, papayas, fresh and canned citrus fruit, coffee; fish; pearls and pearl shells; clothing	-
Exports - partners	Australia 34%, Japan 27%, NZ 25%, US 8% (2006)	-
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	-
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag	the flag of Norway is used
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - NA
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 15.1% industry: 9.6% services: 75.3% (2004)	-
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - NA
GDP - real growth rate	0.1% (2005 est.)	NA
Geographic coordinates	21 14 S, 159 46 W	78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note	the northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely populated, coral atolls; the southern Cook Islands, where most of the population lives, consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic isles, including the largest, Rarotonga, at 67 sq km	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Highways	-	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	429.3 bbl/day (2004)	NA
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods	-
Imports - partners	NZ 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2006)	-
Independence	none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)	none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate	1% (2002)	NA
Industries	fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing, handicrafts	-
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.1% (2005 est.)	NA
International organization participation	ACP, ADB, FAO, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IOC, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO	none
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	High Court	-
Labor force	6,820 (2001)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 29% industry: 15% services: 56% (1995)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 8.33% other: 75% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2001)
Languages	English (official), Maori	Norwegian, Russian
Legal system	based on New Zealand law and English common law	NA
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consisting of a Legislative Assembly (or lower house) (25 seats, 24 seats representing districts of the Cook Islands, 1 seat representing Cook Islanders living overseas; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a House of Ariki (or upper house) made up of traditional leaders note: the House of Ariki advises on traditional matters and maintains considerable influence but has no legislative powers elections: last held 26 September 2006 (next to be held by 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - Demo 51.9%, CIP 45.5%, independent 2.7%; seats by party - Demo 15, CIP 8, independent 1	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA%	NA
Location	Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references	Oceania	Arctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin	territorial sea: 4 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
Merchant marine	total: 16 ships (1000 GRT or over) 112,129 GRT/126,160 DWT by type: cargo 5, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 11 (Norway 1, NZ 1, Sweden 9) (2007)	none
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request	demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
Military branches	no regular military forces; National Police Department (2007)	-
National holiday	Constitution Day, first Monday in August (1965)	NA
Nationality	noun: Cook Islander(s) adjective: Cook Islander	-
Natural hazards	typhoons (November to March)	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources	NEGL	coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate	-	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
People - note	2001 census counted a resident population of 15,017	-
Political parties and leaders	Cook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA]; Democratic Party or Demo [Dr. Terepai MAOATE]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	21,750 (July 2007 est.)	2,756 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	-1.2% between 1996-2001 (2001 census)	-0.02% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Cook Islands Christian Church 55.9%, Roman Catholic 16.8%, Seventh-Day Adventists 7.9%, Church of Latter Day Saints 3.8%, other Protestant 5.8%, other 4.2%, unspecified 2.6%, none 3% (2001 census)	-
Sex ratio	1.07 male(s)/female (2001 census)	NA
Suffrage	NA years of age; universal (adult)	-
Telephone system	general assessment: Telecom Cook Islands offers international direct dialing, Internet, email, fax, and Telex domestic: the individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open-wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable international: country code - 682; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use	6,200 (2002)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	1,500 (2002)	NA
Television broadcast stations	1 (outer islands receive satellite broadcasts) (2004)	NA
Terrain	low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate	3.1 children born/woman (2001 census)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	13.1% (2005)	-

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